Typically, these games contain relatively few non-player characters and, as a result, frequently tell much of their story second-hand through the usage of journals, texts, or audio logs. Another major theme throughout the genre is that of isolation. Games commonly challenge the player to manage their inventory and ration scarce resources such as ammunition. The player character is vulnerable and under-armed, which puts emphasis on puzzle-solving and evasion, rather than the player taking an offensive strategy. Survival horror refers to a subgenre of action-adventure video games that include horror game elements. Resident Evil (1996) named and defined the survival horror genre. This has led game journalists to question whether long-standing survival horror franchises and more recent franchises have abandoned the genre and moved into a distinct genre often referred to as "action horror". Starting with the release of Resident Evil 4 in 2005, the genre began to incorporate more features from action games and more traditional first person and third-person shooter games.
The name has been used since then for games with similar gameplay, and has been retroactively applied to earlier titles. The term "survival horror" was first used for the original Japanese release of Resident Evil in 1996, which was influenced by earlier games with a horror theme such as 1989's Sweet Home and 1992's Alone in the Dark. Games make use of strong horror themes, like dark mazelike environments and unexpected attacks from enemies. The player is also challenged to find items that unlock the path to new areas and solve puzzles to proceed in the game. Although combat can be part of the gameplay, the player is made to feel less in control than in typical action games through limited ammunition or weapons, health, speed and vision, or through various obstructions of the player's interaction with the game mechanics. Survival horror is a subgenre of action-adventure and horror video games that focuses on survival of the character as the game tries to frighten players with either horror graphics or scary ambience.
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